Cairo Integration

Despite cairo not being a GObject based library, PyGObject provides special cairo integration through pycairo. Functions returning and taking cairo data types get automatically converted to pycairo objects and vice versa.

Some distros ship the PyGObject cairo support in a separate package. If you’ve followed the instructions on “Getting Started” you should have everything installed.

If your application requires the cairo integration you can use gi.require_foreign():

try:
    gi.require_foreign("cairo")
except ImportError:
    print("No pycairo integration :(")

Note that PyGObject currently does not support cairocffi, only pycairo.

Demo

The following example shows a Gtk.Window with a custom drawing in Python using pycairo.

../_images/cairo_integration.png 
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#!/usr/bin/env python
"""
Based on cairo-demo/X11/cairo-demo.c
"""

import cairo
import gi
gi.require_version("Gtk", "3.0")
from gi.repository import Gtk

SIZE = 30


def triangle(ctx):
    ctx.move_to(SIZE, 0)
    ctx.rel_line_to(SIZE, 2 * SIZE)
    ctx.rel_line_to(-2 * SIZE, 0)
    ctx.close_path()


def square(ctx):
    ctx.move_to(0, 0)
    ctx.rel_line_to(2 * SIZE, 0)
    ctx.rel_line_to(0, 2 * SIZE)
    ctx.rel_line_to(-2 * SIZE, 0)
    ctx.close_path()


def bowtie(ctx):
    ctx.move_to(0, 0)
    ctx.rel_line_to(2 * SIZE, 2 * SIZE)
    ctx.rel_line_to(-2 * SIZE, 0)
    ctx.rel_line_to(2 * SIZE, -2 * SIZE)
    ctx.close_path()


def inf(ctx):
    ctx.move_to(0, SIZE)
    ctx.rel_curve_to(0, SIZE, SIZE, SIZE, 2 * SIZE, 0)
    ctx.rel_curve_to(SIZE, -SIZE, 2 * SIZE, -SIZE, 2 * SIZE, 0)
    ctx.rel_curve_to(0, SIZE, -SIZE, SIZE, - 2 * SIZE, 0)
    ctx.rel_curve_to(-SIZE, -SIZE, - 2 * SIZE, -SIZE, - 2 * SIZE, 0)
    ctx.close_path()


def draw_shapes(ctx, x, y, fill):
    ctx.save()

    ctx.new_path()
    ctx.translate(x + SIZE, y + SIZE)
    bowtie(ctx)
    if fill:
        ctx.fill()
    else:
        ctx.stroke()

    ctx.new_path()
    ctx.translate(3 * SIZE, 0)
    square(ctx)
    if fill:
        ctx.fill()
    else:
        ctx.stroke()

    ctx.new_path()
    ctx.translate(3 * SIZE, 0)
    triangle(ctx)
    if fill:
        ctx.fill()
    else:
        ctx.stroke()

    ctx.new_path()
    ctx.translate(3 * SIZE, 0)
    inf(ctx)
    if fill:
        ctx.fill()
    else:
        ctx.stroke()

    ctx.restore()


def fill_shapes(ctx, x, y):
    draw_shapes(ctx, x, y, True)


def stroke_shapes(ctx, x, y):
    draw_shapes(ctx, x, y, False)


def draw(da, ctx):
    ctx.set_source_rgb(0, 0, 0)

    ctx.set_line_width(SIZE / 4)
    ctx.set_tolerance(0.1)

    ctx.set_line_join(cairo.LINE_JOIN_ROUND)
    ctx.set_dash([SIZE / 4.0, SIZE / 4.0], 0)
    stroke_shapes(ctx, 0, 0)

    ctx.set_dash([], 0)
    stroke_shapes(ctx, 0, 3 * SIZE)

    ctx.set_line_join(cairo.LINE_JOIN_BEVEL)
    stroke_shapes(ctx, 0, 6 * SIZE)

    ctx.set_line_join(cairo.LINE_JOIN_MITER)
    stroke_shapes(ctx, 0, 9 * SIZE)

    fill_shapes(ctx, 0, 12 * SIZE)

    ctx.set_line_join(cairo.LINE_JOIN_BEVEL)
    fill_shapes(ctx, 0, 15 * SIZE)
    ctx.set_source_rgb(1, 0, 0)
    stroke_shapes(ctx, 0, 15 * SIZE)


def main():
    win = Gtk.Window()
    win.connect('destroy', lambda w: Gtk.main_quit())
    win.set_default_size(450, 550)

    drawingarea = Gtk.DrawingArea()
    win.add(drawingarea)
    drawingarea.connect('draw', draw)

    win.show_all()
    Gtk.main()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()